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371.
372.
Saied Mostaghimi J. Michael Flagg Theo A. Dillaha Vernon O. Shanholtz 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1988,24(4):735-742
ABSTRACT: A rainfall simulator was used to study the effectiveness of no-till and fertilizer application method on reducing phosphorus (P) losses from agricultural lands. Simulated rainfall was applied to 12 experimental field plots, each 0.01 ha in size. The plots were divided into no-till and conventional tillage systems. Two fertilizer application methods, subsurface injection and surface application, were investigated for the two tillage systems. Phosphorus fertilizer was applied at a rate of 46 kg/ha, 24 to 48 hours before the start of rain simulation. Water samples were collected from the base of each plot and analyzed for sediment and P content. No-till was found to be very effective in reducing runoff and sediment losses. No-till reduced sediment loss and total runoff volume by 92 and 67 percent, respectively. Subsurface injection of fertilizer, as compared to surface application, reduced PO4 losses by 39 percent for no-till and by 35 percent for conventional tillage. The effect of tillage system on PO4 losses was not significant. Reductions in total-P (PT) losses due to no-till compared to the conventional tillage system were 89 and 91 percent for surface application and subsurface injection methods, respectively. Averaged across all fertilizer treatments, an equivalent of 0.9 and 8.9 percent of the P applied to the plots were lost from the no-till and conventional tillage plots, respectively. 相似文献
373.
简易流动注射仪化学发光法测定水环境中的铵态氮 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
在0.1M的碱性条件下,NBS(N—溴代丁二酰亚 胺)在荧光素的增敏作用下氧化氯化铵,产生强的化学发光。基于此本文详细研究了其反应 的特性和影响因素,在优化的实验条件下体系对氯化铵的测定范围为1.0×10-7~1 .5×10-5g/mL,检出限为3.6×10-8g/mL,对5.0×10-6g/mL氯化铵 进行11次平行测定,其RSD为2.8%。将本法用于环境水样中NH+4的分析,并与常规的 方法进行对照,获得了满意的结果。 相似文献
374.
Fluoride Deposition in Central India 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Fluoride is a volatile element emitted from natural and anthropogenic sources into the atmoshere and scavenged from the atmosphere by rain water. We collected 444 rain water and 36 dust samples on an event basis at 13 sites and on the bulk basis (monthly) at 3 sites, respectively, in central India (extending over 17°N to 24°N latitude and 80° 17 to 84°11E longitude). The level of F- in the atmospheric samples was determined by automating the conventional Zr(IV)-SPADNS [Sodium 2- (parasulfophenylazo)-1, 8-dihydroxy-3, 6-naphthalene disulfonate] method in the presence of surfactant, i.e. TX–100 [Triton x- 100]. The detection limit of the method is 10.0 ppb F- with a sample throughput of 70 samples/h. The F- deposited with rain water (in 13 sites) and with dust (three sites) were ranged between 54.8 to 483.0, and 105.0 to 503.3 kg/km2/year, respectively. The level of F- in atmospheric samples, seasonal and spatial variation in deposition and sources of F- are discussed. 相似文献
375.
白强 《环境监测管理与技术》2001,13(6):26-27
提出了应用流动注射梯度稀释法与原子吸收光度法相结合,样品不经稀释便可同时测定酸雨中不同浓度的钙。方法快速简便。 相似文献
376.
高朝印 《安全.健康和环境》2004,4(5):17-19
针对文南油田注水管线内壁结垢对油田注水的危害,以及管线清洗过程中存在的环境污染和硫化氢中毒问题,分析消除硫化氢的反应机理,研究抑硫清洗剂,改进管线清洗工艺,开发注水管线防污染清洗技术,在推广应用中取得了较好的环保效果。 相似文献
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选取苯系物中的代表性组分苯、甲苯和二甲苯等化合物,通过热脱附、气相色谱质谱条件的优化及方法学考察,建立了热脱附进样-气相色谱-同位素比值质谱(GC-C-IRMS)测定苯系物单体碳同位素比值的方法。结果表明,单体化合物进样量在0.3μg以上均能满足测定要求;与直接进样方式相比,热脱附进样对单体碳同位素比值测定无分馏影响;标准溶液和苯系物土壤样品测定结果的RSD分别为1.0%~1.7%和0.3%~2.6%。 相似文献
380.
A flow injection (FI) spectrophotometric method for the determination of the herbicide pinoxaden (PXD) has been proposed. PXD was converted in alkaline media with hydroxylamine hydrochloride to the hydroxamate salt. The salt was reacted with iron(III) chloride, and the absorbance of the red colored tris iron hydroxamate complex was measured at 500?nm using a FI system. The method was found to be linear between 0.5 and 40?mg?L?1 with a molar absorptivity of 1.53?×?104?L?mol?1?cm?1. The limit of detection and limit of quantification were found to be 0.1?±?0.01?mg?L?1 and 0.6?±?0.05?mg?L?1, respectively. Any interference of fenoxaprop-p-ethyl (FE) was avoided by the separation of PXD by liquid chromatography with a mixture of dichloromethane and n-hexane (1?:?1) as eluent. The method was applied to the determination of PXD in soil, water, and wheat grains with percent recoveries of 98?±?2, 100?±?2, and 98?±?5, respectively. Sample throughput of 60 samples per hour was achieved under optimized conditions. 相似文献